Endnotes
1. Caroline Bulmer to the Secretary, Board for the Protection
of Aborigines (hereafter BPA), PROV, VA 515 Board for the Protection of Aborigines,
VPRS 1694/P0 Correspondence Files, Unit 6, Bundle 2, 8 September 1913. Unless
otherwise indicated, correspondence files referred to in this article are
found here.
2. Petition to BPA, PROV, VPRS 1694/P0, Unit 6, Bundle 2, undated
but received 18 August [1913]; 'Petition From Lake Tyers Mission to the Governor
of Victoria', ibid., Unit 12, Bundle 4, 9 September 1913. This second petition includes
a covering letter by Percy Pepper, who assisted the residents with its preparation
and delivery (discussed below).
3. Secretary, BPA to Caroline Bulmer, 3
September 1913 (copy).
4. See, for example, the collection of letters in E Nelson, S
Smith & P Grimshaw (eds), Letters from Aboriginal women of Victoria 1867-1926, History Department, The University of Melbourne, 2002.
5. P van Toorn, 'Hegemony or hidden transcripts?: Aboriginal
writings from Lake Condah 1876-907', in L Dale & M Henderson
(eds), Terra incognita: new essays in Australian studies, API Network,
Perth, 2006, pp. 15-27.
6. 'Introduction', John Bulmer's recollections of Victorian
Aboriginal life, 1855-1908, compiled by Alistair Campbell and edited by
Ron Vanderwal, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, [1999?], p. xvii.
7. P Pepper with T De Araugo, What did happen to the Aborigines
of Victoria, vol. 1, The Kurnai of Gippsland, Hyland House, Melbourne,
1985, pp. 222-7.
8. ibid., p. 229.
9. H Carey, 'Companions in the wilderness? Missionary wives in
colonial Australia, 1788-1900',
Journal of religious history, vol. 19, no. 2, Dec. 1995, p. 240.
10. John Bulmer's recollections, pp.
35-6.
11. Pepper & De Araugo, op. cit., p. 227.
12. ibid., p. 230; Caroline Bulmer to Secretary, BPA, 8
September 1913.
13. There is correspondence between a Robert Bulmer and the Secretary,
BPA, in January and February 1918. Robert Bulmer's letterhead reveals that
he was a timber merchant. See also P Pepper, You are what you make yourself
to be: the story of a Victorian Aboriginal family 1842-1980, Hyland, House,
Melbourne, 1980, p. 83.
14. Howe to Secretary, BPA, VPRS 1694/P0, Unit 12, Bundle 4, 31
August 1914.
15. Minute dated 22 September 1913.
16. Pepper, You are what you make yourself to be, p. 83.
17. Emily Stephen to WA Callaway, Vice-Chairman, BPA, PROV, VPRS
1694/P0, Unit 7, Bundle 3, 28 February 1911, 30 March 1911, undated
but registered 27 June [1911]. See also Nelson, Smith and Grimshaw, Letters
from Aboriginal women of Victoria, pp. 165-6, 169-72.
18. Howe to Secretary, BPA, PROV, VPRS 1694/P0, Unit 7, Bundle 3,
3 April 1911.
19. Howe to Callaway, ibid., 9 August 1911.
20. See Nelson, Smith & Grimshaw, Letters from Aboriginal
women of Victoria,
pp. 172-5; and Pepper & De Araugo, pp. 236-8.
21. [Callaway] to the Manager, Lake Tyers, VPRS 1694/P0,
Unit 7, Bundle 3, 10 April 1911 (copy).
22. James McLachlan to James Cameron, PROV, VPRS 1694/P0, Unit 12,
Bundle 4, 18 September 1913.
23. HS Dickson to James Cameron, ibid., 15
September 1913.
24. Minute, BPA, PROV, VPRS 1694/P0, Unit 6, Bundle 2, 2
January 1914. Notes and minutes regarding Mrs Bulmer
continued in the following months.
25. For the Pepper family connections see Pepper, You are what
you make yourself to be, especially pp. 11, 30-3, 43-5, 51, 52; also Pepper
& De Araugo, op. cit., p. 240.
26. P van Toorn, Writing never arrives naked: early Aboriginal
cultures of writing in Australia, Aboriginal Studies Press, Canberra, 2006, pp. 195-6, 143-4 (original emphasis). In Chapter 6 of this
book, van Toorn writes extensively on the petitions from another Aboriginal
Station, Coranderrk (pp. 123-51).
27. John Bulmer's recollections, p.
88.
28. 49th Report of the Board for the Protection of the Aborigines, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1922. This report for 1921 was the
first report presented by the Board since its last in 1912. For the Aborigines
Act of 1915 and the introduction of the concentration policy, see Pepper & De Araugo, pp. 241-8.
