Endnotes
1. I am grateful to
Andrew J Walsh, of Robt H Parker and Sons Pty Ltd, manufacturing jewellers
since 1875, for his reading of the text and assistance in dating pieces. I
also thank Professor GWK Cavill for his reading of the text and permission
to use the images of the jewellery of Rosenthal, Aronson and Co.
2. W Howitt, Land,
labour & gold, or two years in Victoria with visits to Sydney and Van
Diemen's Land (1855), Lowden Publishing Company, Kilmore, Victoria, 1972,
p. 63.
3. National Archives
of Australia (NAA), A712/1 1855/12259, Applications for Naturalisation, David
Rosenthal; Sands & Kenny's commercial and general Melbourne directory
for 1859; Argus, 17 December 1859, p. 3e. The history of Rosenthal's
partnerships and addresses can be followed in the annual Sands & Kenny
(later Sands & McDougall) directories.
4. Joseph Reed and
Frederick Barnes, architects, also designed the Trades Hall, the Exhibition
Building, the Collins Street Independent Church and other notable buildings.
5. Argus, 9 February 1877, p. 5d.
No Fire Inquest was located in PROV, VA 862 Office of the Registrar-General and the Office of Titles, VPRS 407/P0 Fire Inquest Deposition Files.
6. Age, 25 November 1872, p. 2f;
Argus, 25 November 1872, p. 5b.
7. 9-carat gold =
0.3750 parts of 1,000 (or 37.5 per cent), 15-carat = 0.6350 parts of 1,000 (or 63.5 per cent), and so on. Gold melts at 1054o centigrade.
8. ibid.
9. GD Patterson, The
tariff in the Australian colonies 1856-1900, FW Cheshire, Melbourne, 1968,
pp. 20, 48. The firm had always imported glassware, jewellery, crockery, electroplated
ware, optical goods and so on.
10. NAA, A712/1, 1857/1583,
Applications for Naturalisation, Otto Carl Heinrich Brinkmann. I suggest that
the correct order of his name was Carl Heinrich Otto Brinkmann, as usually
the German-born immigrants were known by their last given name.
11. Argus, 12 August 1871, Supplement,
p. 2g.
12. Argus, 25 November 1872, p. 5b.
13. Argus, 27 January 1875, p. 5b.
14. Age, 27 January 1875, p. 3a.
15. PROV, VA 606 Department of Trade and Customs, VPRS 3506 Outwards
Passengers to Interstate, UK and Foreign Ports (Microfilm Copy of VPRS 948),
Reel 43, Rosenthal. Ceylon is now Sri Lanka.
16. Argus, 22 January 1877, p. 5e.
17. Lemel is the trade
name for the gold and silver filings which collect in pouches suspended from
goldsmiths' workbenches. These, and the 'sweeps', a mixture of dust, debris
and metal from the floor, are sent to be refined.
18. The case was reported
in the Argus, 1 February 1877, pp. 5c-d and 2 February 1877, p. 5c.
19. Steel chasing tools
of various sizes with rounded ends are used with a small hammer to move metal
on the front of a piece to create a design.
20. In 1877, those accused
were not permitted to give evidence on their own behalf, or to be cross-examined.
Sandhurst was re-named Bendigo in 1891.
21. PROV, VA 667 Office
of the Victorian Government Solicitor, VPRS 30/P Criminal Trial Briefs, Unit
501, 5/2/77 The Queen v. Smith and Coley; Argus, 16 February 1877,
p. 6f 'Stealing Gold'.
22. PROV, VA 1464 Penal
and Gaols Branch, Chief Secretary's Department, VPRS 515/P, Central Register
of Male Prisoners, Unit 25, p. 205, Smith; PROV, VA 863 His Majesty's Gaol,
Pentridge, VPRS 10858/P Registers of Personal Descriptions of Prisoners Received,
Unit 1, p. 479, No. 07932, previously No. 14458, Smith.
23. PROV, VPRS 515/P,
Unit 25, p. 206, Coley; PROV, VPRS 10858/P, Unit 1, p. 486, No. 14459, Coley.
24. Argus, 8 February 1878, p. 5g.
25. PROV, VPRS 30/P,
Unit 556, Case number 10 of 5 June 1880, The Queen v. Dawes, including measured coloured drawings
of the interior of the manufactory of Rosenthal, Aronson & Co. GE Gee,
The practical gold-worker, Crosby Lockwood, London, 1877, pp. 80-91;
GE Gee, The goldsmith's handbook, Crosby Lockwood and Son, London,
1881, revised edition 1922.
26. K Cavill, G Cocks
& and J Grace, Australian jewellers: gold & silversmiths, makers
& marks, CGC Gold Pty Ltd, Roseville, New South Wales, 1992, p. 32.
27. For a general discussion
of jewellery manufacture at this time see Argus, 23 February 1885,
p. 7a-c 'The industries of the colony. No. V. Jewellery'.
28. Victorian Government
gazette, Supplement, 24 December 1885, p. 295 and 13 June 1890, p.
2453. Details concerning living accommodation on-site were especially aimed
toward the Chinese, mainly cabinet makers, but also at a small number of manufacturing
jewellers who worked in sub-standard conditions, usually in their dwellings.
29. A Sutherland, Victoria
and its metropolis, past and present, 2 vols, McCarron, Bird & Co.,
Melbourne, 1888, vol. 2, p. 574.
30. NAA, A11731, 2607-2610,
Applications for Registration of Victorian Trademarks; Argus, 23 February
1885, p. 7.
31. Argus, 29 July 1892, p. 5e 'The
Revised Tariff'; PROV, VA 511 Melbourne City, VPRS 3181/P0 Town Clerk's
Files, Series 1, Unit 250, 1892, Factories and Shops, Inspector's Report,
Rosenthal, Aronson & Co.
32. Argus, 6 December 1900, p. 5a.
33. Victorian Government
gazette, 16 November 1900, p. 4279; 25 January 1901, p. 291; PROV,
VPRS 3181/P0, Unit 268, 1901/3239 Jewellers' Petition for a half holiday.
The Jewellers' Board was also known colloquially as the Wages Board.
34. John Harris Marks
was the son of Charles Marks, jeweller, of Ballarat. Holtz was robbed of stock
worth £300 in Wagga Wagga in that year; it was recovered (Age, 15 July
1881, p. 3a; 16 July 1881, p. 5g).
35. PROV, VPRS 3181/P0,
Unit 268, 1901/3083 Factories and Shops, Inspector's Report, Rosenthal, Aronson
& Co.; Victorian Government gazette, 19 July 1901, p. 2752; State
Library of Victoria, MS 11756, Box 1875/14; Australian storekeepers' journal,
26 October 1901, p. 285.
36. PROV, VA 2620 Registrar
of Probates, Supreme Court, VPRS 7591/P2, Unit 447, File 115/828, will of
David Rosenthal; PROV, VA 2624 Master in Equity, Supreme Court, VPRS 28/P3,
Unit 129, File 115/828, probate and administration of David Rosenthal; PROV,
VA 3022 Castlemaine Courts, VPRS 12873/P1 Index to Insolvencies (1871-1911),
List of Certificates Granted and Issued (1875-1900), David Rosenthal.
37. Index to Deaths in
Victoria, 1910, no. 3520.
38. According to the
Australian manufacturing jewellers', watchmakers' and opticians' gazette
of 2 March 1931, p. 5, Aronson & Company continued manufacturing jewellery
until August 1927 when their factory and plant were purchased by WH Dempsey
and Company Pty Ltd, manufacturing jewellers.
